In Shandong丨曲阜琉璃瓦：高悬于屋脊的泥与火的艺术

当你在晴天的午后，徜徉在碧瓦飞甍、雕梁画栋的曲阜孔庙中时，阳光洒在屋脊的琉璃瓦上，流光溢彩之感扑面而来。

On a sunny afternoon, when you stroll through the majestic Confucius Temple in Qufu with its azure tiled roofs and intricately carved beams and pillars, the sunlight sprinkles upon the glazed tiles of the ridge, creating a dazzling display of radiant colors.

琉璃瓦是中国传统的建筑物件，通常施以黄金、翠绿、碧蓝等彩色铅釉，其材质坚固，色彩鲜艳，釉色光润。曲阜琉璃瓦制作技艺距今已有六百多年历史，其代表作品富丽堂皇，庄重威严，于2014年入选第四批国家级非物质文化遗产项目名录。

Glazed tiles, known as "liuliwa" in Chinese, are traditional architectural elements in China. They are often adorned with colorful lead glazes in hues of gold, emerald green, and sapphire blue. These tiles are known for their sturdy material, vibrant colors and glossy glaze.Over 600 years have passed since the glazed tiles of Qufu were first created.The words that best portray it are “grand, serious and majestic”. It was included into the fourth batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage list in 2014.

曲阜琉璃瓦的烧制操作十分复杂，包括塑型、挂釉、烧制等十几道工序，一件多彩的琉璃瓦成品需要一个月才能完成。成品琉璃瓦曾用于孔庙、孔府、布达拉宫的修缮，在海外，它还远销到了法国、德国、加拿大、日本、智利等国家。在法国圣艾尼昂市的博瓦尔动物园熊猫馆，熊猫们居住的琉璃瓦小屋散发着浓郁的东方风情，受到当地居民的热捧。

The manufacturing process of Qufu glazed tiles is extremely intricate, comprising more than a dozen steps such as molding, glazing and firing. It takes approximately one month to complete the creation of a finished product, showcasing its vibrant colors.Finished glazed tiles have been used in the restoration of the Confucius Temple, the Confucius Mansion and the Potala Palace. Moreover, they have been exported to countries such as France, Germany, Canada, Japan and Chile.In Beauval Zoo, Saint-Aignan, France, the small glazed tiles houses where pandas reside in the panda enclosure present a strong Oriental ambiance, and have been warmly embraced by the local community.

而如今，非遗项目琉璃瓦的产业化也坚持了两条腿走路，一方面尽可能保持传统手工技艺的原汁原味，如成立工作室，让匠人们以旧带新，如加强校企合作，吸引更多的年轻人了解老工艺；另一方面充分对接市场需求，用“非遗+设计”的形式，开发琉璃摆件、装饰物等文创产品，让以往站在屋顶上、带有吉祥寓意的脊兽以鲜活的形态摆放在百姓家中。此外，延伸古建筑行业产业链，目前已形成油漆彩画、园林绿化、古建设计等古建产业链条，产业集群规模初显。

Today, the industrialization of Qufu glazed tiles has adopted a dual approach. On one hand, it strives to preserve the authenticity of traditional craftsmanship through initiatives such as establishing workshops where artisans can blend traditional and modern techniques. Additionally, collaborations between educational institutions and businesses are strengthened to attract younger generations and promote awareness of the traditional craft. On the other hand, there is a strong focus on meeting market demands. By combining the intangible cultural heritage with innovative design, a range of cultural and creative products, including glazed ornaments and decorative items, are developed. This allows the vibrant figurines of auspicious meaning which were traditionally placed on rooftops to be brought to life and displayed in people's homes in a fresh and contemporary manner.Furthermore, by extending the industry chain of ancient architecture, various sectors such as painted decoration, garden landscaping and architectural design have emerged and formed a growing cluster of the ancient architectural industry.

相信在传承人、政府和企业的共同努力下，这项泥与火交融的艺术在未来将散发出更璀璨和悠远的光芒。

With the collaborative efforts of heritage practitioners, government bodies and businesses, it is anticipated that this art form, born from the fusion of clay and fire, will shine even brighter and continue to exude a timeless allure in the future.

无限工作室出品

视频：周溪琳

文案：武玮佳、徐立璇(实习编辑)

配音：武玮佳

策划：魏鹏 辛然

(部分素材来源：央视、新华社、山东文旅频道、齐鲁壹点、济宁广电)